## Connecting to the internet

Let's now talk about the possible dangers of connecting your hardware into the internet.

![](/img/danger-internet.jpg)

--



### How do we connect?

 - Wifi? Change the default password
 - Disable the WPS/smart connect on your router
 - Public wifi? Stay safe
 - On your phone? Disable the wifi if you are not using it
 - Prefer cables ALWAYS

notes: i dispositivi wifi broadcastano i MAC ai router se non impostati per
non farlo (esempio metro di londra)
https://tfl.gov.uk/corporate/publications-and-reports/wifi-data-collection

--

## Browsing the web

 - use firefox, always
 - use firefox containers
 - check the address bar: does the web address make sense?
 - avoid google, use alternative search engines
 - check that you are not logged in automatically by Google, Microsoft and Apple
 - remove advertisements from webpages
 - Incognito mode: not what you would think it is

Question: what is the difference between the web and the internet?
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->

--

## Useful Firefox extensions

 - [uBlock Origin](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/ublock-origin/): remove ads
 - [LocalCDN](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/localcdn-fork-of-decentraleyes/): avoid unnecessary 3rd party requests
 - [Multi Account Containers](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/multi-account-containers/): filter webpages and accounts into groups 
 - [ClearURLs](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/clearurls/): removes useless tracking elements from URLs 

--


## Domain Name System

The DNS is the address book of the internet! When you want to connect to **lezzo.org**:
1. Your computer asks a DNS resolver how to reach **lezzo.org**
2. The DNS resolver replies with an IP address:  81.56.155.125
3. The IP address is used to route your request to the server
4. You can now communicate with the server

--

## Change your DNS

By default, most computers are configured to use the DNS server provided by their Internet Service Provider (ISP), which means your ISP knows which website you visit
<br>
<br>
Change your DNS to an alternative server, depending on your threat model

--

## Virtual Private Network

A VPN private tunnel for your internet connection.

- Normally, your internet traffic goes directly from your device to websites/services
- This means your ISP can see your online activities

With a VPN:

- Your device connects to a VPN server first before going to the internet
- This hides your real internet address and location to the ISP

--

## Why

- You need to access geo-blocked services
- You want to keep something private from your ISP
- You want to protect **some** of your activities on public WiFi networks

Question: when should you avoid a VPN?
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->

--

## TOR

- TOR stands for The Onion Router
- It's a FOSS tool that enables anonymous communication
- It directs Internet traffic through a free, worldwide, volunteer overlay network
- It conceals a user's location and usage from anyone conducting network surveillance or traffic analysis
- The name derives from the method of layered encryption used (like the layers of an onion)

--

## How TOR works

- TOR uses a system of virtual tunnels to route your traffic
- It randomly selects a path through the TOR network, called a circuit
- Each node in the circuit knows only the IP address of the node before and after it
- The data is encrypted and re-encrypted multiple times as it passes through the nodes
- The final node (exit node) decrypts the data and sends it to its destination
- This makes it difficult for an observer to trace the origin of the data
--

## When to use TOR
- When you want to contribute to the network
- When you need to hide your IP from multiple parties
- When you want to access the .onion network
- When you value anonimity as well as security